"اتعرّف" meaning in All languages combined

See اتعرّف on Wiktionary

Verb [Hijazi Arabic]

Etymology: From Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa). Etymology templates: {{inh|acw|ar|تَعَرَّفَ}} Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa) Head templates: {{acw-verb|V|np=يِتعرَّف|nptr=yitʕarraf|tr=atʕarraf}} اتعرّف • (atʕarraf) V (non-past يِتعرَّف (yitʕarraf)) Inflection templates: {{acw-conj|imperative-2nd-p=اتعرفوا|imperative-2nd-ptr=atʕarrafu|imperative-2nd-sf=اتعرفي|imperative-2nd-sftr=atʕarrafi|imperative-2nd-sm=اتعرف|imperative-2nd-smtr=atʕarraf|non-past-1st-p=نتعرف|non-past-1st-ptr=nitʕarraf|non-past-1st-s=أتعرف|non-past-1st-str=ʔatʕarraf|non-past-2nd-p=تتعرفوا|non-past-2nd-ptr=titʕarrafu|non-past-2nd-sf=تتعرفي|non-past-2nd-sftr=titʕarrafi|non-past-2nd-sm=تتعرف|non-past-2nd-smtr=titʕarraf|non-past-3rd-p=يتعرفوا|non-past-3rd-ptr=yitʕarrafu|non-past-3rd-sf=تتعرف|non-past-3rd-sftr=titʕarraf|non-past-3rd-sm=يتعرف|non-past-3rd-smtr=yitʕarraf|past-1st-p=اتعرفنا|past-1st-ptr=atʕarrafna|past-1st-s=اتعرفت|past-1st-str=atʕarraft|past-2nd-p=اتعرفتوا|past-2nd-ptr=atʕarraftu|past-2nd-sf=اتعرفتي|past-2nd-sftr=atʕarrafti|past-2nd-sm=اتعرفت|past-2nd-smtr=atʕarraft|past-3rd-p=اتعرفوا|past-3rd-ptr=atʕarrafu|past-3rd-sf=اتعرفت|past-3rd-sftr=atʕarrafat|past-3rd-sm=اتعرف|past-3rd-smtr=atʕarraf}} Forms: atʕarraf [romanization], يِتعرَّف [non-past], no-table-tags [table-tags], اتعرفت [first-person, masculine, past, singular], اتعرفت [masculine, past, second-person, singular], اتعرف [masculine, past, singular, third-person], اتعرفنا [first-person, masculine, past, plural], اتعرفتوا [masculine, past, plural, second-person], اتعرفوا [masculine, past, plural, third-person], اتعرفت [feminine, first-person, past, singular], اتعرفتي [feminine, past, second-person, singular], اتعرفت [feminine, past, singular, third-person], اتعرفنا [feminine, first-person, past, plural], اتعرفتوا [feminine, past, plural, second-person], اتعرفوا [feminine, past, plural, third-person], أتعرف [first-person, masculine, non-past, singular], تتعرف [masculine, non-past, second-person, singular], يتعرف [masculine, non-past, singular, third-person], نتعرف [first-person, masculine, non-past, plural], تتعرفوا [masculine, non-past, plural, second-person], يتعرفوا [masculine, non-past, plural, third-person], أتعرف [feminine, first-person, non-past, singular], تتعرفي [feminine, non-past, second-person, singular], تتعرف [feminine, non-past, singular, third-person], نتعرف [feminine, first-person, non-past, plural], تتعرفوا [feminine, non-past, plural, second-person], يتعرفوا [feminine, non-past, plural, third-person], اتعرف [imperative, masculine, second-person, singular], اتعرفوا [imperative, masculine, plural, second-person], اتعرفي [feminine, imperative, second-person, singular], اتعرفوا [feminine, imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to get to know [with على]
    Sense id: en-اتعرّف-acw-verb-e966AGVX Categories (other): Hijazi Arabic entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acw",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "تَعَرَّفَ"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "atʕarraf",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يِتعرَّف",
      "roman": "yitʕarraf",
      "tags": [
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acw-conj/V",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرف",
      "roman": "atʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفنا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتوا",
      "roman": "atʕarraftu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتي",
      "roman": "atʕarrafti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarrafat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفنا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتوا",
      "roman": "atʕarraftu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "أتعرف",
      "roman": "ʔatʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرف",
      "roman": "titʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرف",
      "roman": "yitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "نتعرف",
      "roman": "nitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفوا",
      "roman": "titʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرفوا",
      "roman": "yitʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "أتعرف",
      "roman": "ʔatʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "non-past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفي",
      "roman": "titʕarrafi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرف",
      "roman": "titʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "نتعرف",
      "roman": "nitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "non-past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفوا",
      "roman": "titʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرفوا",
      "roman": "yitʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرف",
      "roman": "atʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفي",
      "roman": "atʕarrafi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "V",
        "np": "يِتعرَّف",
        "nptr": "yitʕarraf",
        "tr": "atʕarraf"
      },
      "expansion": "اتعرّف • (atʕarraf) V (non-past يِتعرَّف (yitʕarraf))",
      "name": "acw-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "imperative-2nd-p": "اتعرفوا",
        "imperative-2nd-ptr": "atʕarrafu",
        "imperative-2nd-sf": "اتعرفي",
        "imperative-2nd-sftr": "atʕarrafi",
        "imperative-2nd-sm": "اتعرف",
        "imperative-2nd-smtr": "atʕarraf",
        "non-past-1st-p": "نتعرف",
        "non-past-1st-ptr": "nitʕarraf",
        "non-past-1st-s": "أتعرف",
        "non-past-1st-str": "ʔatʕarraf",
        "non-past-2nd-p": "تتعرفوا",
        "non-past-2nd-ptr": "titʕarrafu",
        "non-past-2nd-sf": "تتعرفي",
        "non-past-2nd-sftr": "titʕarrafi",
        "non-past-2nd-sm": "تتعرف",
        "non-past-2nd-smtr": "titʕarraf",
        "non-past-3rd-p": "يتعرفوا",
        "non-past-3rd-ptr": "yitʕarrafu",
        "non-past-3rd-sf": "تتعرف",
        "non-past-3rd-sftr": "titʕarraf",
        "non-past-3rd-sm": "يتعرف",
        "non-past-3rd-smtr": "yitʕarraf",
        "past-1st-p": "اتعرفنا",
        "past-1st-ptr": "atʕarrafna",
        "past-1st-s": "اتعرفت",
        "past-1st-str": "atʕarraft",
        "past-2nd-p": "اتعرفتوا",
        "past-2nd-ptr": "atʕarraftu",
        "past-2nd-sf": "اتعرفتي",
        "past-2nd-sftr": "atʕarrafti",
        "past-2nd-sm": "اتعرفت",
        "past-2nd-smtr": "atʕarraft",
        "past-3rd-p": "اتعرفوا",
        "past-3rd-ptr": "atʕarrafu",
        "past-3rd-sf": "اتعرفت",
        "past-3rd-sftr": "atʕarrafat",
        "past-3rd-sm": "اتعرف",
        "past-3rd-smtr": "atʕarraf"
      },
      "name": "acw-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hijazi Arabic",
  "lang_code": "acw",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hijazi Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get to know"
      ],
      "id": "en-اتعرّف-acw-verb-e966AGVX",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "acw",
            "2": ":على"
          },
          "expansion": "[with على]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "على"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get to know",
          "get to know"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to get to know [with على]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/at.ʕar.raf/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "اتعرّف"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "acw",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "تَعَرَّفَ"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic تَعَرَّفَ (taʕarrafa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "atʕarraf",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يِتعرَّف",
      "roman": "yitʕarraf",
      "tags": [
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acw-conj/V",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرف",
      "roman": "atʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفنا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتوا",
      "roman": "atʕarraftu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarraft",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتي",
      "roman": "atʕarrafti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفت",
      "roman": "atʕarrafat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفنا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفتوا",
      "roman": "atʕarraftu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "أتعرف",
      "roman": "ʔatʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرف",
      "roman": "titʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرف",
      "roman": "yitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "نتعرف",
      "roman": "nitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفوا",
      "roman": "titʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرفوا",
      "roman": "yitʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "أتعرف",
      "roman": "ʔatʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "non-past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفي",
      "roman": "titʕarrafi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرف",
      "roman": "titʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "نتعرف",
      "roman": "nitʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "non-past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تتعرفوا",
      "roman": "titʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يتعرفوا",
      "roman": "yitʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "non-past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرف",
      "roman": "atʕarraf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفي",
      "roman": "atʕarrafi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اتعرفوا",
      "roman": "atʕarrafu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "V",
        "np": "يِتعرَّف",
        "nptr": "yitʕarraf",
        "tr": "atʕarraf"
      },
      "expansion": "اتعرّف • (atʕarraf) V (non-past يِتعرَّف (yitʕarraf))",
      "name": "acw-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "imperative-2nd-p": "اتعرفوا",
        "imperative-2nd-ptr": "atʕarrafu",
        "imperative-2nd-sf": "اتعرفي",
        "imperative-2nd-sftr": "atʕarrafi",
        "imperative-2nd-sm": "اتعرف",
        "imperative-2nd-smtr": "atʕarraf",
        "non-past-1st-p": "نتعرف",
        "non-past-1st-ptr": "nitʕarraf",
        "non-past-1st-s": "أتعرف",
        "non-past-1st-str": "ʔatʕarraf",
        "non-past-2nd-p": "تتعرفوا",
        "non-past-2nd-ptr": "titʕarrafu",
        "non-past-2nd-sf": "تتعرفي",
        "non-past-2nd-sftr": "titʕarrafi",
        "non-past-2nd-sm": "تتعرف",
        "non-past-2nd-smtr": "titʕarraf",
        "non-past-3rd-p": "يتعرفوا",
        "non-past-3rd-ptr": "yitʕarrafu",
        "non-past-3rd-sf": "تتعرف",
        "non-past-3rd-sftr": "titʕarraf",
        "non-past-3rd-sm": "يتعرف",
        "non-past-3rd-smtr": "yitʕarraf",
        "past-1st-p": "اتعرفنا",
        "past-1st-ptr": "atʕarrafna",
        "past-1st-s": "اتعرفت",
        "past-1st-str": "atʕarraft",
        "past-2nd-p": "اتعرفتوا",
        "past-2nd-ptr": "atʕarraftu",
        "past-2nd-sf": "اتعرفتي",
        "past-2nd-sftr": "atʕarrafti",
        "past-2nd-sm": "اتعرفت",
        "past-2nd-smtr": "atʕarraft",
        "past-3rd-p": "اتعرفوا",
        "past-3rd-ptr": "atʕarrafu",
        "past-3rd-sf": "اتعرفت",
        "past-3rd-sftr": "atʕarrafat",
        "past-3rd-sm": "اتعرف",
        "past-3rd-smtr": "atʕarraf"
      },
      "name": "acw-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hijazi Arabic",
  "lang_code": "acw",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hijazi Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hijazi Arabic form-V verbs",
        "Hijazi Arabic lemmas",
        "Hijazi Arabic sound form-V verbs",
        "Hijazi Arabic sound verbs",
        "Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic",
        "Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic",
        "Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hijazi Arabic verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get to know"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "acw",
            "2": ":على"
          },
          "expansion": "[with على]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "على"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get to know",
          "get to know"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to get to know [with على]"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/at.ʕar.raf/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "اتعرّف"
}

Download raw JSONL data for اتعرّف meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (9f93753 and c1a3a36). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.